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B::Lint

Perl 5 version 14.0 documentation
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B::Lint

NAME

B::Lint - Perl lint

SYNOPSIS

perl -MO=Lint[,OPTIONS] foo.pl

DESCRIPTION

The B::Lint module is equivalent to an extended version of the -w option of perl. It is named after the program lint which carries out a similar process for C programs.

OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS

Option words are separated by commas (not whitespace) and follow the usual conventions of compiler backend options. Following any options (indicated by a leading -) come lint check arguments. Each such argument (apart from the special all and none options) is a word representing one possible lint check (turning on that check) or is no-foo (turning off that check). Before processing the check arguments, a standard list of checks is turned on. Later options override earlier ones. Available options are:

  • magic-diamond

    Produces a warning whenever the magic <> readline is used. Internally it uses perl's two-argument open which itself treats filenames with special characters specially. This could allow interestingly named files to have unexpected effects when reading.

    1. % touch 'rm *|'
    2. % perl -pe 1

    The above creates a file named rm *|. When perl opens it with <> it actually executes the shell program rm * . This makes <> dangerous to use carelessly.

  • context

    Produces a warning whenever an array is used in an implicit scalar context. For example, both of the lines

    1. $foo = length(@bar);
    2. $foo = @bar;

    will elicit a warning. Using an explicit scalar() silences the warning. For example,

    1. $foo = scalar(@bar);
  • implicit-read and implicit-write

    These options produce a warning whenever an operation implicitly reads or (respectively) writes to one of Perl's special variables. For example, implicit-read will warn about these:

    1. /foo/;

    and implicit-write will warn about these:

    1. s/foo/bar/;

    Both implicit-read and implicit-write warn about this:

    1. for (@a) { ... }
  • bare-subs

    This option warns whenever a bareword is implicitly quoted, but is also the name of a subroutine in the current package. Typical mistakes that it will trap are:

    1. use constant foo => 'bar';
    2. @a = ( foo => 1 );
    3. $b{foo} = 2;

    Neither of these will do what a naive user would expect.

  • dollar-underscore

    This option warns whenever $_ is used either explicitly anywhere or as the implicit argument of a print statement.

  • private-names

    This option warns on each use of any variable, subroutine or method name that lives in a non-current package but begins with an underscore ("_"). Warnings aren't issued for the special case of the single character name "_" by itself (e.g. $_ and @_ ).

  • undefined-subs

    This option warns whenever an undefined subroutine is invoked. This option will only catch explicitly invoked subroutines such as foo() and not indirect invocations such as &$subref() or $obj->meth() . Note that some programs or modules delay definition of subs until runtime by means of the AUTOLOAD mechanism.

  • regexp-variables

    This option warns whenever one of the regexp variables $` , $& or $' is used. Any occurrence of any of these variables in your program can slow your whole program down. See perlre for details.

  • all

    Turn all warnings on.

  • none

    Turn all warnings off.

NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS

  • -u Package

    Normally, Lint only checks the main code of the program together with all subs defined in package main. The -u option lets you include other package names whose subs are then checked by Lint.

EXTENDING LINT

Lint can be extended by with plugins. Lint uses Module::Pluggable to find available plugins. Plugins are expected but not required to inform Lint of which checks they are adding.

The B::Lint->register_plugin( MyPlugin => \@new_checks ) method adds the list of @new_checks to the list of valid checks. If your module wasn't loaded by Module::Pluggable then your class name is added to the list of plugins.

You must create a match( \%checks ) method in your plugin class or one of its parents. It will be called on every op as a regular method call with a hash ref of checks as its parameter.

The class methods B::Lint->file and B::Lint->line contain the current filename and line number.

  1. package Sample;
  2. use B::Lint;
  3. B::Lint->register_plugin( Sample => [ 'good_taste' ] );
  4. sub match {
  5. my ( $op, $checks_href ) = shift @_;
  6. if ( $checks_href->{good_taste} ) {
  7. ...
  8. }
  9. }

TODO

  • while(<FH>) stomps $_
  • strict oo
  • unchecked system calls
  • more tests, validate against older perls

BUGS

This is only a very preliminary version.

AUTHOR

Malcolm Beattie, mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Sebastien Aperghis-Tramoni - bug fixes