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Perl 5 version 8.9 documentation
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Perl functions A-Z | Perl functions by category | The 'perlfunc' manpage
  • close FILEHANDLE

  • close

    Closes the file or pipe associated with the file handle, flushes the IO buffers, and closes the system file descriptor. Returns true if those operations have succeeded and if no error was reported by any PerlIO layer. Closes the currently selected filehandle if the argument is omitted.

    You don't have to close FILEHANDLE if you are immediately going to do another open on it, because open will close it for you. (See open.) However, an explicit close on an input file resets the line counter ($. ), while the implicit close done by open does not.

    If the file handle came from a piped open, close will additionally return false if one of the other system calls involved fails, or if the program exits with non-zero status. (If the only problem was that the program exited non-zero, $! will be set to 0 .) Closing a pipe also waits for the process executing on the pipe to complete, in case you want to look at the output of the pipe afterwards, and implicitly puts the exit status value of that command into $? and ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE} .

    Prematurely closing the read end of a pipe (i.e. before the process writing to it at the other end has closed it) will result in a SIGPIPE being delivered to the writer. If the other end can't handle that, be sure to read all the data before closing the pipe.

    Example:

    1.     open(OUTPUT, '|sort >foo')  # pipe to sort
    2.         or die "Can't start sort: $!";
    3.     #...			# print stuff to output
    4.     close OUTPUT		# wait for sort to finish
    5.         or warn $! ? "Error closing sort pipe: $!"
    6.                    : "Exit status $? from sort";
    7.     open(INPUT, 'foo')		# get sort's results
    8.         or die "Can't open 'foo' for input: $!";

    FILEHANDLE may be an expression whose value can be used as an indirect filehandle, usually the real filehandle name.